Core component of SQL Server for storing, processing, and securing data
I seem to recall that an MVP colleague worked with the steps to implement an offline install. As I recall, he was able to complete the task, but it was a lot of work, and certainly not a walk in the park.
Unfortunately, no one where is able to give you a list of URLs. To get that you would have to do something like installing SSMS on your private laptop and the same time registering all URLs it connects to. (No, I don't know how do to that.)
A possible way out may be to go for SSMS 20, which is one big install file, which runs offline. Or at least I assume so, but I have not tested.