Queryable.FirstOrDefault 方法

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
 static TSource FirstOrDefault(System::Linq::IQueryable<TSource> ^ source, TSource defaultValue);

public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, TSource defaultValue);

[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")]
public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, TSource defaultValue);

static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> * 'Source -> 'Source

[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")>]
static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> * 'Source -> 'Source

<Extension()>
Public Function FirstOrDefault(Of TSource) (source As IQueryable(Of TSource), defaultValue As TSource) As TSource

類型參數

參數

傳回

defaultValue 若 source 為空;否則，為 中的 source第一個元素。

屬性

RequiresDynamicCodeAttribute

例外狀況

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
 static TSource FirstOrDefault(System::Linq::IQueryable<TSource> ^ source);

public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source);

public static TSource? FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source);

[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")]
public static TSource? FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source);

static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> -> 'Source

[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")>]
static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> -> 'Source

<Extension()>
Public Function FirstOrDefault(Of TSource) (source As IQueryable(Of TSource)) As TSource

類型參數

參數

傳回

default（TSource） 若為 source 空;否則，為 中的 source第一個元素。

屬性

RequiresDynamicCodeAttribute

例外狀況

範例

以下程式碼範例示範如何在空序列上使用 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 。

// Create an empty array.
int[] numbers = { };
// Get the first item in the array, or else the
// default value for type int (0).
int first = numbers.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault();

Console.WriteLine(first);

/*
    This code produces the following output:

    0
*/

' Create an empty array.
Dim numbers() As Integer = {}
' Get the first item in the array, or else the 
' default value for type int, which is 0.
Dim first As Integer = numbers.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault()

MsgBox(first)

' This code produces the following output:

' 0

有時候如果集合中沒有任何元素，該 default(TSource) 值並非你想使用的預設值。 你不必檢查結果是否有不需要的預設值，必要時再更改，而是可以用這個 DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, TSource) 方法指定如果集合是空的，你想用的預設值。 接著，呼叫 First<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 以獲得第一個元素。 以下程式碼範例結合這兩種技術，若一組數值月份為空，則預設值為 1。 由於整數的預設值為 0，且不對應任何月份，因此預設值必須指定為 1。 查詢完成後，會檢查第一個結果變數是否為不想要的預設值。 第二個結果變數是透過呼叫 DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, TSource) 指定預設值 1 來取得的。

List<int> months = new List<int> { };

// Setting the default value to 1 after the query.
int firstMonth1 = months.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault();
if (firstMonth1 == 0)
{
    firstMonth1 = 1;
}
Console.WriteLine("The value of the firstMonth1 variable is {0}", firstMonth1);

// Setting the default value to 1 by using DefaultIfEmpty() in the query.
int firstMonth2 = months.AsQueryable().DefaultIfEmpty(1).First();
Console.WriteLine("The value of the firstMonth2 variable is {0}", firstMonth2);

/*
 This code produces the following output:

 The value of the firstMonth1 variable is 1
 The value of the firstMonth2 variable is 1
*/

Dim months As New List(Of Integer)(New Integer() {})

' Setting the default value to 1 after the query.
Dim firstMonth1 As Integer = months.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault()
If firstMonth1 = 0 Then
    firstMonth1 = 1
End If
MsgBox(String.Format("The value of the firstMonth1 variable is {0}", firstMonth1))

' Setting the default value to 1 by using DefaultIfEmpty() in the query.
Dim firstMonth2 As Integer = months.AsQueryable().DefaultIfEmpty(1).First()
MsgBox(String.Format("The value of the firstMonth2 variable is {0}", firstMonth2))

' This code produces the following output:
'
' The value of the firstMonth1 variable is 1
' The value of the firstMonth2 variable is 1

備註

該 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 方法產生的 是 MethodCallExpression ，代表 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 呼叫本身為一個構造化的泛型方法。 接著將 傳遞MethodCallExpression給Execute<TResult>(Expression)IQueryProvider由參數Provider性質source所表示的方法。

執行代表呼叫 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>) 的表達式樹所產生的查詢行為，取決於參數型別 source 的實作。 預期的行為是回傳 中 source第一個元素，若 source 為空則返回預設值。

此 FirstOrDefault 方法未提供若為空，則指定要回傳 source 的預設值。 如果你想指定非 default(TSource)的預設值，請使用 DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, TSource) 範例章節中所述的方法。

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
 static TSource FirstOrDefault(System::Linq::IQueryable<TSource> ^ source, System::Linq::Expressions::Expression<Func<TSource, bool> ^> ^ predicate);

public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource,bool>> predicate);

public static TSource? FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource,bool>> predicate);

[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")]
public static TSource? FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource,bool>> predicate);

static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> * System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<'Source, bool>> -> 'Source

[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")>]
static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> * System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<'Source, bool>> -> 'Source

<Extension()>
Public Function FirstOrDefault(Of TSource) (source As IQueryable(Of TSource), predicate As Expression(Of Func(Of TSource, Boolean))) As TSource

類型參數

參數

傳回

default（TSource） 若為source空或無元素通過由 predicate所指定的測試;否則，中第一個通過由 source所指定的測試的元素predicate。

屬性

RequiresDynamicCodeAttribute

例外狀況

範例

以下程式碼範例示範如何透過傳遞謂詞來使用 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 。 在第二個查詢中，序列中沒有任何元素滿足該條件。

string[] names = { "Hartono, Tommy", "Adams, Terry",
                     "Andersen, Henriette Thaulow",
                     "Hedlund, Magnus", "Ito, Shu" };

// Get the first string in the array that is longer
// than 20 characters, or the default value for type
// string (null) if none exists.
string firstLongName =
    names.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault(name => name.Length > 20);

Console.WriteLine("The first long name is '{0}'.", firstLongName);

// Get the first string in the array that is longer
// than 30 characters, or the default value for type
// string (null) if none exists.
string firstVeryLongName =
    names.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault(name => name.Length > 30);

Console.WriteLine(
    "There is {0} name that is longer than 30 characters.",
    string.IsNullOrEmpty(firstVeryLongName) ? "NOT a" : "a");

/*
    This code produces the following output:

    The first long name is 'Andersen, Henriette Thaulow'.
    There is NOT a name that is longer than 30 characters.
*/

Dim names() As String = {"Hartono, Tommy", "Adams, Terry", _
                     "Andersen, Henriette Thaulow", _
                     "Hedlund, Magnus", "Ito, Shu"}

' Get the first string in the array that is longer
' than 20 characters, or the default value for type
' string (null) if none exists.
Dim firstLongName As String = _
            names.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault(Function(name) name.Length > 20)

MsgBox(String.Format("The first long name is '{0}'.", firstLongName))

' Get the first string in the array that is longer
' than 30 characters, or the default value for type
' string (null) if none exists.
Dim firstVeryLongName As String = _
    names.AsQueryable().FirstOrDefault(Function(name) name.Length > 30)

MsgBox(String.Format( _
    "There is {0} name that is longer than 30 characters.", _
    IIf(String.IsNullOrEmpty(firstVeryLongName), "NOT a", "a")))

' This code produces the following output:
'
' The first long name is 'Andersen, Henriette Thaulow'.
' There is NOT a name that is longer than 30 characters.

備註

此方法至少有一個型別 Expression<TDelegate> 參數，其型別參數的參數是其中一個 Func<T,TResult> 型別。 對於這些參數，你可以輸入 lambda 運算式，然後它會被編譯成 Expression<TDelegate>。

該 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 方法產生的 是 MethodCallExpression ，代表 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 呼叫本身為一個構造化的泛型方法。 接著將 傳遞MethodCallExpression給Execute<TResult>(Expression)IQueryProvider由參數Provider性質source所表示的方法。

執行代表呼叫 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource,Boolean>>) 的表達式樹所產生的查詢行為，取決於參數型別 source 的實作。 預期行為是回傳第一個符合條件的source元素predicate;若無元素滿足條件，則回傳預設值。

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

來源:

Queryable.cs

public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
 static TSource FirstOrDefault(System::Linq::IQueryable<TSource> ^ source, System::Linq::Expressions::Expression<Func<TSource, bool> ^> ^ predicate, TSource defaultValue);

public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource,bool>> predicate, TSource defaultValue);

[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")]
public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource>(this System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource> source, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource,bool>> predicate, TSource defaultValue);

static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> * System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<'Source, bool>> * 'Source -> 'Source

[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresDynamicCode("Enumerating collections as IQueryable can require creating new generic types or methods, which requires creating code at runtime. This may not work when AOT compiling.")>]
static member FirstOrDefault : System.Linq.IQueryable<'Source> * System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<'Source, bool>> * 'Source -> 'Source

<Extension()>
Public Function FirstOrDefault(Of TSource) (source As IQueryable(Of TSource), predicate As Expression(Of Func(Of TSource, Boolean)), defaultValue As TSource) As TSource

類型參數

參數

傳回

defaultValue若source為空，或無元素通過由 predicate指定的測試;否則，第一個通過由 predicate所指定的測試的元素source。

屬性

RequiresDynamicCodeAttribute

例外狀況